Fix NPE while extracting recoder error position and use existing information better #3133

Tests

• ✅ key.core.testgen:test (13 succeeded)
• ✅ key.core:test (2950 succeeded, 106 skipped)
• ✅ key.core:testProveRules (198 succeeded)
• ✅ key.core:testRunAllInfProofs (29 succeeded)
• ✅ key.removegenerics:test (45 succeeded)
• ✅ key.ui:test (5 succeeded)
• ✅ key.util:test (132 succeeded)
• ✅ keyext.exploration:test (3 succeeded)
• ✅ keyext.slicing:test (12 succeeded)
• ✅ recoder:test (14 succeeded, 15 skipped)